crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in…
cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with…
comparable in outline. Whitefly can be found in many different environments, but they are particularly common in greenhouse settings and in…
generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in…
deposit their spherical eggs on the underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged in layers. The eggs are greenish at first, but…
offspring during her lifespan. At 30°C, there is a large reduction in fertility and high mortality in crawlers. Damage symptoms Scale infestation can…
species of Diaspi s are very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is the most…
greenish to black pupa, either in leaves which are woven together with silk threads, or in a suitable hiding place spun somewhere in greenhouse…
place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in…
fully develop. The grubs are 10 to 20 mm in the first autumn, 30 to 35 mm by the following autumn, and 40 to 46 mm in the spring of their third year.…
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