Horse-chestnut leaf miner
where it spread to most of Europe. Since then, in all invaded regions, outbreaks have continued unabated, causing aesthetic damage to horse-chestnut, one [...] leaves is covered with mines, the leaves start to dry out and fall off. However, total defoliation does not seem to affect the growth of mature trees. At sites [...] in horse chestnut leaves go to four (occasionally five instars) and their size varies form 0.5 mm in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar