• Gummy stem blight

  stems, leaves and inside the fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy stem blight Mycosphaerella cucumis survives in crop

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative growth occurs. Life cycle and appearance of Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall The primary source

• Angular leaf spot

  creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in

• Early blight

  fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria

• Dacnusa sibirica

  not parasitize well on Liriomyza sativae. Life cycle and appearance of Dacnusa sibirica The life cycle of Dacnusa sibirica consists of an egg, a larva

• Wheat bunt

  spores, that smell like fish, hence the common name stinking bunt. Life cycle and appearance of Wheat bunt Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive

• Verticillium wilt

  can be present without clear symptoms or with only partial wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged

• Dwarf bunt

  than in plants infected with Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis Life cycle and appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores

• Phytophthora blight

  disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. Life cycle and appearance of Phytophthora blight Phytophthora species are very destructive

• Cyclamen main pest pressures

  dark green spots of frass, and feeding marks to the flowers. Their life-cycle is very temperature-dependent. Although thrips can be found at lower temperatures [...] the ideal development conditions are 18 o c-26 o c; above 35 o c, the life-cycle stops. They are also very prolific egg-layers, giving rapid rise to the next