• Greenhouse whitefly

  symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar [...] adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) are mobile, whereas the rest of the [...] pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the

• Artificially lit crops pollination advice

  after the shortest day, depending on latitude and environment) rapid decline in colonies could occur. In the ever-evolving world of agriculture, the utilization [...] navigation. To counter this, synchronize the opening of bumblebee hives with the energy screen and daylight cycle, allowing the bees to fly only when there is [...] daylight (e.g., between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.). If the energy screen remains closed for a full day, it's better to close the hives as well. Bumblebees can

• Leaf stripe

  systemic infection is the only source of primary infection. The fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when [...] leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend and become brown and [...] and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for

• Steinernema carpocapsae

  then feed and reproduce within the cadaver of the dead host, resulting in the emergence of a new generation of nematodes that can continue to seek out and [...] bacteria, typically of the genus Xenorhabdus , which quickly multiply and cause septicemia, ultimately killing the host within a few days. The nematodes then [...] carpocapsae is a species of beneficial nematode commonly used in biological pest control . These microscopic roundworms are parasitic and are known for their

• Tomato leaf miner

  to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small percentage of the larvae remain hanging on the leaf [...] bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages: [...] Larvae of Liriomyza bryoniae are transparent white, older larvae have a yellow head. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat into the leaf

• Olive scale

  Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate the plant and can cause wilting, desiccation of tissues and dieback. Life cycle and appearance of Olive scale [...] along the main veins on the lower sides of mature leaves. Many young females migrate to twigs and branches later and remain there for the rest of their [...] amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits

• Mushroom

  Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to [...] Mushroom A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source [...] Several varieties of A. bisporus are grown commercially, including whites, crimini, and portobello. Many other mushroom varieties are also commercially

• Aphipar-M

  inside the aphid, which converts into a leathery mummy. The adult parasitic wasp emerges through a hole at the rear of the mummy. The first mummies are noticed [...] persicae ). Mode of action Adult parasitic wasps emerge from the mummies and females lay their eggs into aphids . The next generation of parasitic wasps [...] noticed in the crop around 10-14 days after the first introduction. Visual effect Parasitised aphids turn into a brown mummy. Pack size 1,000; 5,000 mummies

• Oleander aphid

  rather than eggs and that the progeny are clones of the adult female. The nymphs feed in colonies on the shoots at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through [...] region, the origin of its principal host plant, oleander. Damage symptoms The colonies of bright yellow aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host [...] General The oleander aphid, Aphis nerii , sometimes also called the milkweed aphid, is a common pest of several important ornamental plants in the families

• Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Hypoaspis miles)

  mouthparts. The females are larger than the males, and have a white stripe on the rear end of the body. The eggs, larvae, and first nymphal instars are white [...] soil-dwelling insects. The mites appear in and on the soil and at the base of plant stems. The reduction of the infestation level occurs at a slow but steady [...] Hypoaspis miles) is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips Sciarid flies (Fungus gnats) The predatory mites feed on larvae of sciarid flies, thrips